Ogow xuquuqdaada iyo waajibaadkaaga
Xuquuqda iyo waajibaadka adiga iyo loo shaqeeyaha – oo macneheedu yahay shuruudaha shaqada – waxaa xukuma sharciga iyo heshiisyada guud ee Finland.
Finland, shaqaalaha ajnabiga ah waxay leeyihiin xuquuq iyo waajibaad la mid ah kuwa Finnishka ah.
Lama ogola takoorid ku salaysan da’da, qowmiyadda, dhalashada, luqadda, diinta, caqiidada, fikradaha, dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadda, dhaqdhaqaaqa ururka shaqaalaha, xiriirka qoyska, caafimaadka, naafanimada, nooca galmada ama sababo kale oo la xiriira qofka shaqaalaha ah.
Tusaale ahaan, mushaharkaaga lama dhimi karo sababtoo ah waxaad tahay shaqaale ajnabi ah.
Takoorka ku salaysan jinsiga, aqoonsiga jinsiga ama muujinta jinsiga waa mamnuuc.
Heshiisyo wadareed
Heshiisyada wadajirka ah waxaa ka wada xaajooda ururada shaqaalaha iyo ururada loo shaqeeyaha si ay u go’aamiyaan xuquuqda iyo waajibaadka shaqaalaha iyo loo shaqeeyaha – shuruudaha shaqada. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, mushaharka, gunnooyinka, wakhtiyada shaqada, fasaxyada iyo xuquuqda tababarka.
Ku dhawaad warshad kastaa waxay leedahay heshiis wadareed. Warshadaha leh heshiisyada wadajirka ah waxaa ka mid ah tafaariiqda, nadiifinta iyo dhismaha, tusaale ahaan. Ka codso nuqul ka mid ah heshiiska wadajirka ah ee warshadahaaga loo-shaqeeyahaaga ama ururka shaqaalaha.
Heshiisyada wadareedku lama mid aha heshiisyada shaqada.
Qandaraasyada shaqada
Markaad bilowdo inaad u shaqeyso loo shaqeeyaha, had iyo jeer la samee qandaraas shaqo oo qoran. Haddii ay dhibaato dhacdo, waxaad tixraaci kartaa heshiiska si aad u hubiso waxa lagu heshiiyey markii aad bilowday.
Qandaraaska shaqada, waxaad ogolaatay inaad qabato shaqo gaar ah oo loo-shaqeeyahaagu wuxuu oggolaaday inuu bixiyo magdhow gaar ah oo uu ilaaliyo shuruudaha shaqada.
Had iyo jeer ku samee heshiiskaaga shaqo qoraal. Heshiisyada afka ah sidoo kale waa ansax, laakiin haddii ay dhibaato kaa haysato, way fududahay inaad caddeyso waxa lagu heshiiyey haddii aad leedahay qandaraas qoraal ah. Xitaa haddii aad heshiis afka ah gasho, loo shaqeeyahaagu waa inuu ku siiyaa shuruudaha shaqada qoraal.
Shuruudaha qandaraasyada shaqadu waa inay ahaadaan ugu yaraan sida kuwa heshiiska shaqada.
Had iyo jeer ka hubi heshiiskaaga shaqo waxyaabaha soo socda:
Si taxadar leh u akhri heshiiska shaqada ka hor intaadan saxiixin. Weligaa ha saxeexin wax aadan fahmin.
Tababarka shaqada ee aan mushaharka la bixin
Tababarka shaqada ee aan lacag la’aanta ahi waa sharci keliya haddii lagu bixiyo machad waxbarasho oo rasmi ah ama adeegyada TE (xafiiska shaqada ee Finland). Haddii loo-shaqeeyuhu uu rabo inuu tijaabiyo musharax ku habboon, waxay ku dari karaan tijaabada qandaraaska shaqada. Shaqaalaha ku jira tijaabada waa in wali la siiyaa mushahar.
Waxaad xaq u leedahay in lagu tababaro
Tababarka macnaheedu waa in lagu baro shaqadaada iyo sharciyada goobta shaqada. Waa in lagugu wargeliyaa shaqadaada iyo goobta shaqada, tilmaamaha guud ee goobta shaqada, isticmaalka mashiinada iyo qalabka, hababka shaqada ee badbaadada leh, iyo khatarta iyo khatarta shaqadaada.
Shaqaalaha buka waxay xaq u leeyihiin inay maqnaadaan
Haddii aad xanuunsato, ogeysii shaqo bixiyahaaga isla markaaba maqnaanshahaada. Haddii loo shaqeeyahaagu u baahdo, u tag takhtar wax ku saabsan shahaado oo u dir shahaadada loo-shaqeeyahaaga.
Loo-shaqeeyahaagu waa inuu ku bixiyaa maalinta aad xanuunsatay. Haddii xanuunkaagu sii dheeraado oo uu kaa horjoogsado inaad shaqeyso, waxaad xaq u leedahay inaad bixiso sagaal maalmood oo kale. Haddii aad shaqeysay ugu yaraan hal bil, waxaad xaq u leedahay mushaar buuxa. Haddii aad shaqeysay wax ka yar hal bil, waxaad xaq u leedahay mushaar kala bar.
Sidoo kale hubi heshiiska wadajirka ah ee warshadahaaga si aad u aragto haddii ay leedahay waxyaabo kale oo ku saabsan mushaharka bukaanka. Guud ahaan, heshiisyada wadajirku waxay yeelan doonaan shuruudo ka sii wanaagsan, taasoo la macno ah inaad heli doonto mushahar buuxa maalmo dheeraad ah.
Daryeelka caafimaadka shaqada
Loo shaqeeyayaashu waa inay diyaariyaan daryeelka caafimaadka shaqada si ay kaaga caawiyaan ilaalinta caafimaadkaaga iyo awoodaada shaqo. Loo shaqeeyayaal badan ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo caafimaad shaqaalahooda.
Loo-shaqeeyayaashu sidoo kale waxa ku waajib ah inay kaa caymiyaan shilalka iyo cudurrada shaqada. Caymiska waxaa laga yaabaa inuu daboolo dhaawacyada goobta shaqada ama inta lagu jiro safarkaaga, tusaale ahaan.

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